Mohammed Nuhu

This study investigates the effect of health status indicators on labour force participation (LFP) in Nigeria from 2000 to 2021. Key health indicators including Life Expectancy Rate (LNLER), HIV Prevalence Rate (LNHPR), Incidence of Malaria (LNMI), and Population Growth Rate (LNPGR) were analyzed to understand their influence on LFP during the specified period. The Correction analysis is used to analyze the linkages between these variables. Augmented Dickey- Fuller (ADF) test was employed to test for stationarity of the variable in the model. Data for this study will be drawn from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, the world development indicators and the World Bank Database. The findings reveal a significant negative association between HIV prevalence and LFP, indicating adverse effects on workforce participation. However, associations between life expectancy, malaria incidence, and population growth rate with LFP were inconclusive, highlighting the need for further research. Policy recommendations include targeted interventions to combat HIV/AIDS, improved access to healthcare, enhanced malaria
prevention efforts, and support for economic opportunities. Overall, addressing health challenges is crucial for enhancing workforce participation and productivity in Nigeria, requiring evidence-based policies and ongoing monitoring to achieve sustainable development

This study examines the impact of food crises on children's health in Nigeria over the period 1981–2024, amid recurring economic shocks, conflicts, pandemics, and policy failures that have exacerbated food insecurity and malnutrition. Drawing on secondary data from the World Bank and employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Error Correction Model (ECM) approaches, the research investigates the short-run and long-run relationships between food crises, child health indicators (such as stunting, wasting, and under-five mortality), and social factors including income, health expenditure, sanitation, education, and poverty.
The findings indicate that food crises have a significant positive association with deteriorated child health outcomes, intensifying vulnerability to infections, cognitive impairments, and mortality, with nearly 45% of under-five deaths linked to malnutrition. Income and sanitation exhibit negative effects on child health, underscoring the roles of economic inequality and inadequate infrastructure in perpetuating cycles of poverty and poor health. However, education and health expenditure show insignificant impacts, highlighting implementation gaps and inefficiencies in policy delivery. Cointegration tests confirm long-run equilibrium relationships, while diagnostic checks affirm model robustness. The study concludes that Nigeria's protracted food crises pose a critical threat to national development, necessitating integrated, evidence-based interventions. Recommendations emphasize strengthening agricultural resilience, poverty alleviation, sanitation infrastructure, educational reforms, and efficient health investments to mitigate malnutrition and foster sustainable child health improvements.

Health spending is viewed as a wise investment in human capital because it increases labor productivity. Wellness is a substantial productive asset and the heart of economic growth, according to Barro (1996). A vital component of well-being, good health affects morbidity and labor productivity, which boosts economic growth. Immediate household (out-of-pocket) payments, private insurance, charitable contributions, and direct services payments by private enterprises are all considered private health expenditures (Jhingan, 2017). Labor productivity is a measure of the efficiency with which labor is used to produce goods and services. It is often calculated as the ratio of output to input, with output being the value of goods and services produced and input being the amount of labor and other resources used to produce those goods and services. In general, a country's labor productivity is an important indicator of its economic health and competitiveness. In Nigeria, labor productivity has historically been relatively low compared to other countries in the region and around the world. There are a number of factors that contribute to this low productivity, including a lack of investment in education and training, inadequate infrastructure and technology, and low levels of investment in research and development. The quantity of products and services produced in a nation per hour of labor is known as labor productivity. Because it particularly measures the volume of actual gross domestic product manufactured by an hour of labor, there has been an increase in interest in examining the link among economic and health-related growth (through labor productivity), which has been significantly sparked by a Report Of the world bank on health (World Bank, 2023). Health expenditure refers to the financial resources that are dedicated to the provision of health services and the promotion of good health. These resources can come from a variety of sources, including governments, private insurance companies, and individual households. Labour productivity, on the other hand, refers to the amount of output that is produced by a unit of labor within a specific period of time. It is often used as a measure of economic growth and competitiveness, as well as a way to gauge the efficiency of a country's workforce