TEMPERATURE

The accuracy and reliability of flow measurement play a vital role in process industries, particularly in petroleum engineering, where precise monitoring of fluid transfer is essential for operational control and financial accountability. This study investigates the effect of temperature on the repeatability of flow meters, focusing on how variations in thermal conditions influence meter performance and measurement consistency. Experimental tests were conducted using standard flow metering systems at controlled temperature ranges. The results revealed that temperature fluctuations significantly affect flow meter readings, primarily due to changes in fluid properties such as density and viscosity, as well as thermal expansion of meter components. These variations lead to slight
deviations in output signals, thereby reducing measurement repeatability when temperature compensation is not applied. Statistical analysis, including Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), confirmed that temperature has a measurable impact on flow meter stability across repeated trials. The findings highlight the importance of temperature correction, regular calibration, and proper material selection in ensuring accurate and repeatable flow measurements. This study contributes to improved metering practices and supports the development of more
reliable flow

In the past, compact discs (also known as CDs) were the unchallenged leaders of the digital era, completely changing the way we stored and accessed information. CDs, which were created by Sony and Philips in the early 1980s, swiftly overtook cassette tapes as the most popular format for music delivery. This research project aims to study the impact of temperature and humidity at different ranges on the diversity and population of fungal species colonies dominating stored CD plates. For this research experiment, a total of Thirty-six (36) were purchased, out of which twelve CDs were opened, another twelve were closed by singularly sealing each CD in a regular CD storage nylon pack, and the last set of CDs was burnt (a process of storing information of various types, raw data documents to videos. Thermometers and hygrometers were used to track temperature and relative humidity, and for four weeks, conventional protocols were followed for fungal count and identification. According to the results, there is a weekly variation in temperature, but it usually stays between 30 and 37 degrees Celsius. On the other hand, relative humidity rose regularly in the various locations under study. Fungal counts of all CD plates studied increased with an increase in humidity with time. Fungal isolated from the studied CD plates were Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor mucedo, Cladosporium spp., Penicillium sp. Conclusively, relative humidity had a positive correlation with the fungal load of the studies CD plate, while temperature had little effect on fungal counts.

Natural clay minerals are abundant and versatile, offering a broad range of applications across various industries due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Their adsorption capacity and catalytic capabilities were enhanced through specific treatments. This study examined the effect of temperature on base-activated clay from the Gegu-Egba region, Kogi State, Nigeria. Clay minerals, valued for their high surface area and structural properties, were widely used in catalysis, adsorption, and refining. In this research, the Gegu-egba clay samples were treated with 30% NaOH and heated at 200°C (F3A) and 400°C (F3B) to assess structural and chemical changes. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, were employed to evaluate their structural, morphological, and textural properties FTIR analysis indicates progressive dehydroxylation, with the disappearance of free hydroxyl groups and shifts in Si–O and Al–O–Si vibrations, suggesting kaolinite transformation into metakaolin. XRD results confirm a decline in kaolinite content (23% to 3.1%) and increased feldspar influence, supporting amorphization at 400°C. SEM-EDX analysis shows increased porosity and redistribution of elemental composition, notably a decrease in Si and Ti with a rise in Al content. BET surface area decreases from 249.577 m²/g at 200°C to 214.149 m²/g at 400°C, indicating structural densification. These findings emphasized the role of optimized thermal treatment in enhancing base-activated clay for industrial applications such as catalysis, adsorption and wastewater treatment