Alluim Sativum EXTRACT, BENZENE INDUCED HEMATOXICITY

Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties, including anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Allium sativum aqueous extract on KIT and FLT3 in male Albino Wistar rats. Twenty (20) male adult Albino Wistar rats were selected into four groups of 5 rats per group. The groups were control (group 1), group 2 (administered 0.2ml intravenous injection of benzene:2-propanol: water mixture (2:5:5 v/v) per body weight), group 3 (induced+400mg/kg extract of Allium sativum extract) and group 4 (400mg/kg extract of Allium sativum extract only). The mRNA expressions of KIT and FLT3, Haematological parameter and Cell morphology was carried out using Polymerase chain reaction, ERMA Haematology Auto analyser PCE-210N and peripheral blood film using Leishman staining technique. Data generated was analyzed using graph pad prism (version 8.02, California, USA). The findings revealed that there was significant increase (p<0.01) in FLT 3 expression in group 2, 3 and 4 when compared to control. Also, group 3 had a significantly higher (p<0.001) FLT 3 mRNA expression when compared to group 2 and 4. There was significant increase (p<0.01) in cKIT mRNA expression in groups 2, 3 and 4 when compared to control. In addition, group 2 had a significantly higher (p<0.01) cKIT when compared to groups 3 and 4. For the haematological parameter, neutrophil count was significantly higher in the control group (10±0.5774) compared to group 2 (3.5±0.2887), group 3 (2.667±0.3333), and group 4 (3.333±0.333). Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in the control group (0.122±0.00706) compared to group 2 (0.03885±0.0029), group 3 (0.02754±0.0058), and group 4 (0.03663±0.004)., Lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the control group (82±1.528) compared to group 2 (90±1.414), group 3 (91±1), and group 4 (91±0.5774) (p<0.00). Cell morphology showed relative lymphocytosis and RBC abnormalities including macrocytic cells and target cells in the benzene + isopropanol and A. sativum extracttreated group and Normal leukocyte count with absolute lymphocytosis and normocytic normochromic RBCs, with some polychromatic cells in the A. sativum extract-only treated group at 400mg/kg dose. In conclusion, Allium sativum can influence leukemogenesis by modulating genes like FLT3 and KIT implicated in the development and progression of leukaemia