C. N. AKUJIEZE

This study was undertaken to determine the quality of surface, harvested and ground water of IGBANKE in Orihionmwan area of Edo State, southern Nigeria. Five water samples were collected from harvested water (well), four from surface water (river), and one from bore hole. The result of the analysis showed that appearance (clear), Calcium (0.185-0.445), Manganese (<0.05), Magnesium (0.106-0.124), Nitrate (0.004-0.011), Iron (0.008-0.109), Phosphate (0.000-0.006), Zinc (0.006-0.0015), Cu (<0.05), Cr (0<0.05) , Ammonium-N (0.003-0.008), Sulphate (0.006-0.026), Electric conduction (28-88) and pH (5.42-5.87). The results gotten were compared with the World Health Organization standard (W.H.O) 1995, to determine quality of the water. From the result, all the parameter falls within the permissible limit for drinking water set by World Health Organization (W.H.O.)

Soil, surface water and groundwater samples were collected for physico-chemical, microbial and heavy metal analysis from different locations in Ologbo and environs. Thirteen (13) soil samples including Three controls (Pristine environment) were randomly collected at subsurface depth of 0-30cm, Thirteen surface water samples were collected including three controls and Ten (10) Groundwater samples were collected using random sampling Technique. The samples were collected in order to evaluate the level of pollution/Contamination of the media as a result of petroleum activities, wood industries and other anthropogenic activities within the study area. The results for the groundwater analysis showed pH (5.61-5-78), EC (54.64-65.74), Turbidity (0.05-0.12NTU), Cu (0.38-0.49mg/l), Zn (0.3-0.39mg/l), Cr (0.09-0.16mg/l), Ni (0.64-0.85mg/l), Fe (0.38 2.49mg/l), Mn (0.1-0.15mg/l and Pb (0.01-0.16mg/l). The results for the surface water showed pH (5.71-6.05), turbidity (7.31-13.92NTU), EC (87.11-95.2uS/cm), Zn (0.41-0.45mg/l), Fe (1.24-1.3mg/l), Cu (0.51-0.54mg/l), Cr (0.35-0.38mg/l), Ni (0.09-0.21mg/l) and Pb (0.02- 0.06). These results were compared with world and national standards, and control samples were
collected and used for comparison where needed .The result, of the analyses were further subjected to statistical treatment such as Spearman’s correlation Co-efficient, ANOVA and concentration Factor Analysis, to ultimately ascertain the spatial relationship between sample. The ANOVA results for soil samples indicated a very strong significant difference at (p<0.01)
between control and soil samples for all parameters. Correlation results revealed positive and negative correlation Co-efficient at r (0.01) and r (0.05) indicating strong relationship between them, which probably reflects their source of Contamination. Concentration maps generated for the area showed high concentrations of Lead, Copper and Iron around the central area, increasing towards the southwestern part of the maps. The groundwater flow map showed a 2-way flow direction towards the central part where the major river dividing the map is located. The overall results revealed moderate contamination/pollution of all varieties of samples analyzed and it’s here by recommended that important steps be taken to minimize the negative effects of oil exploration and wood industries in Ologbo.