Police Bias and Gender Discrimination Cultural Beliefs and Patriarchy Weak Law Enforcement Legal Framework on Gender Based Violence Victim Protection Mechanisms Spousal Killing Gender Justice Human Rights Protection Repeal of Discriminatory Laws

This long essay critically examines the persistent problem of digital piracy within the Nigerian music industry, analyzing the adequacy and effectiveness of the nation's legal framework from a legal and human rights perspective. The central thesis is that
Nigeria’s response to this challenge is characterized by a fundamental paradox: the system is strong in law but profoundly weak in execution. While the Copyright Act 2022 provides a modern, comprehensive arsenal of rights and digital safeguards, its
practical implementation is severely undermined by institutional and procedural failures. The nature and scope of piracy have drastically evolved from physical markets to technologically sophisticated digital methods, including widespread stream-ripping, cyberlockers, and illicit sharing across decentralized social media platforms, a shift the enforcement institutions have failed to match. The unchecked prevalence of piracy results in an estimated annual loss of ₦918 trillion across Nigerian copyright industries, which translates into a direct and severe violation of the economic and human rights of Nigerian creators to benefit from the fruits of their labor. This institutional execution gap is manifested in the Nigerian Copyright Commission (NCC) being operationally overstretched, the Nigerian Police Force deprioritizing intellectual property crime, and Collective Management rganisations (CMOs) being plagued by governance crises and credibility challenges. Furthermore, the framework contains a critical gap regarding the emerging threat of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). A comparative analysis of the US and South African models confirms that the solution does not lie in legislative overhaul but in decisively adopting proven models for procedural efficiency, institutional transparency, and strong judicial deterrence. This research concludes that safeguarding the sustainability and global competitiveness of Nigeria's music sector requires a fundamental shift in priority to bridge the gap between statutory promise and practical reality.

Domestic violence is a predominant issue in today’s society and laws are known to be enforced to sanction its perpetrators such as the Criminal Code, the VAPPA 2015, etc. However the effectiveness of these laws are being questioned in even today’s society as domestic violence is seen as “family issue” that is supposed to be settled within the family and not an external body or law. Thus the essence of this work is to evaluate the extant laws concerning domestic violence in Nigeria and see if these extant laws regarding it have been to ameliorate the unpleasant trend not because the laws are inadequate per se but that the
enforcement is weak. Domestic violence has a lot of issues and is to be tackled adequately, it is also known as Intimate Partner Violence/abuse, spousal abuse and family violence. Although there has not been any National Legislation on domestic violence in Nigeria sadly, however there are laws which punish these various offences ranging from rape, battery, molestation, etc. Similarly there has been laws passed as a result of agitation by individuals which tackles domestic violence directly which include; VAPPA (2015), some states have state-level domestic violence legislations, similarly even in abide to effectively enforce these laws and to respond positively to the claim by the public that the police “characteristically exhibit bias and discriminatory attitudes in their treatment of female victims of violence” which is “informed by cultural beliefs and notions which devalue and subjugate women and often blame the victim, the police is said to see domestic violence as family issue and victims are often told to settle the problem themselves or involve other family member. However some provisions of these laws encourage subtle chastisement like Section 55 of the Penal Code and thus call for the repeal of such provisions. The essence of this work, is to tackle the nonchalance and negligence by the body who are expected to enforce these plethora of laws put in place to deter domestic violence has increased the rate of spousal killing, recently it is of commonplace where husband kill wife and wife kill husband, this is
as a result of neglecting domestic violence which eventually results to death of either of the spouse. Hence the aim of this work is to evaluate the existing and extant laws concerning domestic violence in Nigeria and see if these extant laws have been to ameliorate the unpleasant trend not because the laws are inadequate per se but that the enforcement is weak, also to criticize laws that encourage domestic violence in any form and to call for its repeal an instance is section 55 of the penal code and finally would offer recommendations that will assist to build up and facilitate the effective enforcement of laws against domestic violence