EFFECT OF BISPHENOLA IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF WISTAR RATS.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used synthetic chemical found in food packaging, medical devices, and other products.BPAhas been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier, alter brain structure, and impair learning and memory, even at low doses.The aim of this study investigated the effects of BPA on the hippocampus of Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups,group A which is the (control)was given 1ml distilled water,Group B was administered 5mg/kg BPA,Group C was administered 10mg/kg BPAfor 28 days.At the end of the 28-day administration period, the rats were weighed, sacrificed via cervical dislocation, and their skulls opened to harvest the brain. The brain weights was taken and the hippocampus was carefully detached, placed in a sample bottle, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and were processed according to the method of Drury and Wallington (1980) for Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and the parameters accessed include hippocampal antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH), MDA concentration and the histology of the hippocampus using Haematoxylin and Eosin staining technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS/IBM statistical package version 20. Results obtained showed no significant change (p<0.05) in the initial body weight, final body weight and weight change of rats across experimental groups. No significant change (p<0.05) was observed in the cerebral
and relative cerebral weight of rats across experimental groups. However, a significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in hippocampus SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH activity of rats in group C (10 mg/kg bw BPA) when compared to control. A significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in MDA concentration of rats in group B (5 mg/kg bw BPA) and C (10 mg/kg bw BPA) when compared to control. Histological findings revealed normal archictecture of the hippocampus in group A, whereas dark shrunken neuronal cell bodies with deeply stained pyknotic nuclei and vacoulations were seen in the granular cells of rats in group B and C. In conclusion, findings from this study shows that BPA induced neurotoxic effect on the hippocampus via inducing oxidative stress and altering the architectural integrity of the hippocampus.