ACUTE EFFECTS OF SUSTAINED BILATERAL UPPER LIMB ELEVATION EXERCISE PROTOCOLS ON CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS OF HYPERTENSIVE STROKE SURVIVORS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEMODYNAMIC REGULATION
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Abstract
Background/Purpose of the Study: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and most times, this condition is accompanied by hypertension which challenges the cardiovascular system’s regulation. Hypertensive stroke survivors frequently experience impaired hemodynamic control and as such, upper limb elevation exercises have been suggested to influence the cardiovascular parameters of this stated population but the available evidences on the acute effects on the hemodynamic parameters are limited. This study investigates to bridge the knowledge and empirical gap in order to wholesomely understand the acute effects of these exercises on hypertensive stroke survivors
Aim: This study aims to compare the acute effects of sustained bilateral upper limb elevation exercise protocols on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive stroke survivors.
Methods: A cross-over repeated measure experimental design employing a simple random (ballot) sampling technique was conducted to compare the acute effects of sustained bilateral upper limb elevation exercises at 90° and 180° on SBP, DBP, MAP and HR in hypertensive stroke survivors. 31 participants (mean age = 56.71 ± 12.05years) were recruited. Each participants performed both exercise protocols and cardiovascular parameters were recorded before and immediately after each exercise. Data was analyzed using paired and independent sample T-tests at a significance level of ≤ 0.05.
Results: Significant reductions were observed in SBP (p= 0.001) and MAP (p= 0.011) following the 90° protocol, while the DBP and HR showed no significant change. After the 180° protocol, SBP (p< 0.001), DBP (p= 0.034) and MAP (p= 0.002) significantly decreased, with HR significantly increasing (p= 0.014). No significant differences were found between the two protocols or genders (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Both exercise protocols produce mild, acute and transient reductions in blood pressure, suggesting potential short-term hemodynamic benefits for hypertensive stroke survivors.
Aim: This study aims to compare the acute effects of sustained bilateral upper limb elevation exercise protocols on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive stroke survivors.
Methods: A cross-over repeated measure experimental design employing a simple random (ballot) sampling technique was conducted to compare the acute effects of sustained bilateral upper limb elevation exercises at 90° and 180° on SBP, DBP, MAP and HR in hypertensive stroke survivors. 31 participants (mean age = 56.71 ± 12.05years) were recruited. Each participants performed both exercise protocols and cardiovascular parameters were recorded before and immediately after each exercise. Data was analyzed using paired and independent sample T-tests at a significance level of ≤ 0.05.
Results: Significant reductions were observed in SBP (p= 0.001) and MAP (p= 0.011) following the 90° protocol, while the DBP and HR showed no significant change. After the 180° protocol, SBP (p< 0.001), DBP (p= 0.034) and MAP (p= 0.002) significantly decreased, with HR significantly increasing (p= 0.014). No significant differences were found between the two protocols or genders (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Both exercise protocols produce mild, acute and transient reductions in blood pressure, suggesting potential short-term hemodynamic benefits for hypertensive stroke survivors.
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