WIND-BATTERY

The persistent unreliability of the national power grid in Nigeria has significantly hindered economic growth and forced residential consumers to rely on expensive, noisy, and polluting diesel generators to meet their daily electricity needs. This study investigates the technical and economic feasibility of an islanded hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–wind–battery energy system designed to reliably power a residential building in Benin City, Edo State. Using HOMER Pro simulation software, the research modeled and optimized the system for a 3-bedroom apartment with a daily load demand of 21.73 kWh, utilizing local meteorological data. The optimal system configuration was determined to include a 5 kW solar PV array, three 1 kW wind turbines, a 34.8 kWh battery bank, and a 3.5 kW converter. This configuration achieved a 100% renewable fraction and high reliability, with a Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) of 0.78% and a Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) of approximately 22 hours per year. Economic analysis revealed a Net Present Cost (NPC) of ₦132,850,500 and a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of ₦1,305/kWh, placing the system within the competitive range of diesel-based alternatives.Furthermore, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis confirmed that the system remained economically viable across all tested scenarios, affirming the suitability of hybrid renewable systems for off-grid residential applications in Nigeria