Ethnography of communication

This study aims to carry out a semantic analysis of songs in Ilaje cultural ceremonies by identifying the songs sung in Ilaje cultural ceremonies., analyzing the meaning of these songs, and lastly, exploring the cultural significance of these songs within Ilaje ceremonies. For this research, primary data collection was used, this involved conducting oral interviews with 3 native speakers of Ilaje who are fluent with the language to have a concise view about the songs in Ilaje cultural ceremonies and its worldview. A total of 10 songs were gotten from these informants with both The data was collected from the Ilaje region in Ondo State, Nigeria. An audio recorder was used as a tool for recording the data for clarity and authenticity of the research. The theoretical framework employed is the Ethnography of Communication (SPEAKING model) by Hymes (1964). The findings revealed that Ilaje songs include cultural songs celebrating Ilaje identity, naming ceremony songs celebrating childbirth, and wedding songs offering advice for marital life. The cultural songs emphasizes unity, cultural pride, and the importance of preserving Ilaje customs and language. Naming ceremony songs celebrate birth, wish prosperity, and reject misfortune such as childlessness, while wedding ceremony songs offers advice on marital virtues like submission, patience, and tolerance to ensure a successful marriage. These songs serve to preserve Ilaje culture, promote unity, and guide individuals through life’s milestones. They emphasize the importance of heritage, social cohesion, and moral lessons for a harmonious community and family life. The study showed that songs in Ilaje cultural ceremonies help preserve their identity and culture. These songs promote unity, celebrate important life events, and teach values like patience, respect, and family harmony. The researcher recommends further studies in this particular area and any aspect not touched in this study be treated by linguist, scholars or any other researchers who have interest in the semantic analysis of songs in Ilaje cultural ceremonies or any other dialect of Yoruba language

This study examines the sociolinguistic aspects of language use in traditional market settings, where goods and services are exchanged. A traditional market, in this context, refers to a space where transactions follow indigenous African customs. The research focuses on the discourse structure, speech acts, and contextual language use in Ochanja Market, Anambra State. The study employs Hymes’ (1974) S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G model from The Ethnography of Communication to analyze data collected from traders and other market participants. Data were obtained through a tape recorder and a questionnaire to assess linguistic preferences in market transactions. Findings indicate that the majority of traders at Ochanja Market prefer to communicate in Anambra Igbo, followed by Nigerian Pidgin. This preference aligns with the linguistic composition of the market, where a
significant proportion of traders and buyers belong to the Igbo ethnic group, influencing the dominant language used in commercial