Rehabilitation

This research study examines the legal framework governing the juvenile justice system which involves the trial and sentencing practices. It focuses on the comparison between the rehabilitation approach and the punishment approach to the juvenile justice, as well as its impact on young offenders and other children. It further examines whether the modern juvenile trial and sentencing practices tilts towards the rehabilitation approach to juvenile delinquency or not. The juvenile justice system seeks to protect, rehabilitate, and properly reintegrate young offenders into the society. This system includes all operating units- law enforcement, juvenile courts, and correctional centers, operating under specific laws and procedures that have been designed specifically for minors. The system is primarily governed by the Child Rights Act 2003 and also regulated by the Children and Young Persons Act in Nigeria. An overview of the juvenile justice system forms the foundation of the research study as a result of its necessity to the second ambit of the topic- ‘A Legal Analysis of Juvenile Trial and Sentencing Practices’. However, the body of this research study tends to focus more on the comparison between rehabilitation and punishment as well as the impact it has on young offenders and other children, which is particularly the composition of the first ambit of the topic. Accordingly, the work recommends for an enhanced implementation of the rehabilitative approach which obviously will not be beneficial only to the offender but to the society at large.

Background: Stroke often results in significant motor impairments, affecting the quality of life and independence of survivors. Conventional physiotherapy is effective but sometimes limited by patient engagement and intensity. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising intervention that provides immersive, interactive environments to enhance motor recovery. Aim: This study evaluated the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy on motor recovery among stroke survivors in University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Methods: Forty stroke survivors undergoing rehabilitation were randomly and equally assigned to either the experimental and control groups. Interventions were conducted three times a week for eight weeks, with each session lasting 20 minutes. Motor recovery was assessed through muscular strength, muscular endurance, joint range of motion, balance, and coordination using validated and reliable instruments. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to summarize the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants while inferential statistics of one-way ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses. Results: Participants in the VR group showed statistically significant improvements in all motor recovery parameters (muscle strength, muscle endurance, range of motion, balance and coordination) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Notably, upper and lower limb strength, endurance, range of motion, and balance improved more in the VR group. Conclusion: Virtual reality therapy is an effective treatment modality in stroke rehabilitation to enhance motor recovery after stroke. Thus, VR should be regarded as a cornerstone in the management of stroke survivors. Keywords: Stroke, Virtual Reality, Motor Recovery, Hemiparesis

Background: Stroke is a major public health problem and a leading cause of adult disability. The incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate of stroke have been increased worldwide, with most of the burden being in low and middle-income countries. A global survey reported that only 18% of low-income countries had stroke units, compared to 91% of high-income countries. Given the importance of stroke unit care to the prognosis of the disease in stroke patients, it is necessary to describe the current state of stroke units in the country, focusing on availability, capacity, and capability. Methods: This research involved a mixed study design of a Cross-sectional and In-Depth interview. The instruments used were questionnaire administered to 45 stroke MDTs. The In- depth interview involved 10 selected stroke MDTs. The quantitative analysis data was summarized using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. For the qualitative analysis, thematic analysis and visualization were carried out with the aid of Nvivo 14 Software. Result: Participants (26 males and 19 females) in this study were aged 21-56 years. Referral rate for physiotherapy was relatively high. There was a good utilization of physiotherapy. There was a significant association between referral rate, utilization and relevance of physiotherapy among stroke multidisciplinary team. Conclusion: Stroke care has advanced and more patients are surviving the acute-stage. In stroke care model, rehabilitation is now considered an integral component of all levels of stroke care.This research has identified a good utilization of physiotherapy and itsrelevance among multidisciplinary team.However,there is a need to improve the knowledge,awareness andeducation regarding physiotherapy and rehabilitation for all cadres of health care workers. Physiotherapist need to be proactive in this area and need the support of health services, training institutions and the government.