BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS AND Celosia argentea LEAVES GROWN AROUND TEMBOGA RIVER BANK
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Heavy metals are naturally occurring metallic elements with high atomic weights and densities at least five times greater than water which due to their persistence, toxicity, and bio-accumulative nature, they pose significant environmental and health risks (Ali et al., 2020). Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) are toxic even at low concentrations (Tchounwou
et al., 2020). Heavy metal bioaccumulation refers to the progressive increase in concentration of toxic metals (e.g., Pb, Cd, Hg, As) in living organisms over time, primarily through uptake from contaminated water, soil, or food, exceeding environmental levels due to slow excretion rates (Ali et al., 2023). This process involves the absorption and retention of heavy metals in tissues of organisms, leading to higher internal concentrations than their surroundings, with potential transfer across food chains (biomagnification) (Javed et al., 2022).
et al., 2020). Heavy metal bioaccumulation refers to the progressive increase in concentration of toxic metals (e.g., Pb, Cd, Hg, As) in living organisms over time, primarily through uptake from contaminated water, soil, or food, exceeding environmental levels due to slow excretion rates (Ali et al., 2023). This process involves the absorption and retention of heavy metals in tissues of organisms, leading to higher internal concentrations than their surroundings, with potential transfer across food chains (biomagnification) (Javed et al., 2022).
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