NIGER DELTA

This project work has attempted to determine the extent to which shale (clays) and silt or siltstones affect porosity, formation water saturation and some other petrophysical properties obtained from data collected from five wells situated in the Brown fields along the coastal swamps in the western onshore region of the Niger -Delta (Brown field). It is established that porosity and permeability of sandstones depends on grain size, sorting, cementation and compaction and these parameters are significantly affected by significant presence of shale (clay) and silt in the formation. Shale formations are believed to be fine-grained, loose and flexible mixtures of clay-sized or colloidal particles. These fine-grained particles affect porosity, which is the percentage of void spaces in the overall rock volume. The work evaluated relevant well and reservoir parameters of interest with respect to the various depths of reservoir sands and correlated wells, using its findings to confirm trends conformable to Niger - Delta basin oil and gas reservoirs. The porosity of the different units of reservoir sands showed variation laterally with porosity values decreasing with a combination of increasing reservoir depth and average shale volume. Consequently, permeability was observed to decrease with increasing depth, though sand Z has high permeability values than sands X and Y lying several feet above it. The reservoir sands X, Y and Z have slightly reduced porosity and permeability due to high volume of clays (shales) and silts (siltstones) often associated with the environment. The porosities of the reservoir sands are good to very good; their permeability moderate to good with high and widespread oil and gas accumulation throughout the Brown field. The hydrocarbon resources are considered exploitable for profit.

This study presents an integrated production-optimization assessment of a mature, high-water-cut reservoir in the Niger Delta. The aim was to evaluate and compare artificial-lift strategies and system-level interventions to restore economic oil production and extend field life. A validated modeling workflow coupling MBAL (material-balance), PROSPER (well performance and artificial-lift design) and GAP (surface-network optimization) was developed and history-matched to 1987–2004 field data, revealing strong aquifer support and persistent water cuts (~80%). Scenarios examined natural flow, gas lift, and electric submersible pump (ESP) implementations with nodal and sensitivity analyses (IPR/VLP matching, PVT calibration, and network constraints). Results show natural flow is insufficient under present conditions; gas lift yields modest gains (≈720 STB/day total liquid, ~144–177 bbls oil/day) with moderate gas requirements, while ESPs can deliver substantially higher liquid and oil rates (pump-design rates up to ~3,800–4,300 RB/day and oil production improvements), albeit with higher power, gas-handling, and reliability considerations. Integrated GAP analysis highlights surface constraints and water-handling costs as decisive economic drivers. Recommendations include staged pilot deployment (ESP where power and conditions permit; gas lift where gas is abundant), targeted diagnostics and zonal shut-off, surface-network upgrades, and ongoing model re-calibration. The study demonstrates the value of coupled reservoir–well–surface workflows for optimizing mature, high-water-cut assets.

The coastal area of Niger Delta is the home of oil exploration and exploitations. So it is open to oil spillage arising from oil damage from local inhabitants, ageing pipeline, blow out of flow station, cleaning of tanks and others. The most dangerous form of oil spillage is the damage of pipeline. The Niger Delta, an ecosystem that contains one of the highest concentration of biodiversity on the planet, in addition to supporting abundant flora and fauna, arable terrain that can sustain a wide variety of crops, lumber or agricultural trees, and more species of freshwater fish than any ecosystem in West Africa. It is also sad to note that it has speculated that the region could experience a loss of 40% of its inhabitable terrain in the net thirty years as a result of extensive dam construction in the region. So, the aim of this project is to look for this unfortunate problem and explore possible solution to problem from a legal perspective. The oil spillage has been a source of concern to the federal government due to the environment impact it has on the area, and has sure set up some ways to curb the environmental pollution in hazardous to the citizens living in that region. A number of federal and state agency deals with oil spillage in Nigeria. These agencies include; National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency, Federal Department of Petroleum Resource (DPR), The Federal Ministry of Environment, State Ministries of Environment, National Maritime Authorities. There are also the “Clean Nigeria Association”. These agencies have to deal with the issue of oilspillage in Niger Delta and Nigeria at large. In conclusion, this work will attempt study the environmental pollution caused by oil spillage and how it has affected the Niger Delta Economy, in the end given some recommendation to make the situation better and still maintain a healthy business environment