Precious OSAGIE

his study aimed at appraising the availability and utilization of learning resources in adult literacy centres in the Ovia-North Local Government Area of Edo state. To enable the study to achieve its objectives, five (5) research questions were raised. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of this study will comprise all adult learners in all the literacy centres in Ovia-North Local Government Area of Edo State from which a total of one hundred and fifty (150) are selected to form the sample size for the study. Two research instruments; a checklist and questionnaire titled Questionnaire the availability and utilization of learning resources in adult literacy centres in Ovia-North Local Government Area of Edo state were the instruments used for data collection. The validity of the instrument was ascertained through the expert judgment approach while the test re-test method of estimating reliability was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. A reliability index of 0.76 was obtained using Person Product Moment Correlation Statistics. Collected data were analyzed using frequency count, simple percentage, and mean score standard. Findings from the study revealed that Charts, Posters, Projectors, Public Address Systems, Flash Cards, Primers, Facilitators, Classrooms, Writing / Bulletin boards, Tables and Chairs, Computers and Libraries are the learning resources used for adult literacy learning programmes. Also, facilitators in the literacy centres in the Ovia-North Local Government Area of Edo State have been able to effectively use charts in teaching adult Learners; properly and often used Posters in teaching in class; efficiently utilized Public Address Systems in a literacy class to amplify voice; judiciously utilized Flash Cards in an adult class to help teach alphabets and numbers and have effectively utilized the classroom environment to manage adult learner’s learning process, among others. From the findings of the study, recommendations were proffered which among others included that there is a need for the government to help provide learning resources in literacy centres in the state. This will help to enhance the quality of teaching and learning activities in an adult class

This study investigated the influence of soil pH variation on weed development originating from soil seed banks. Soil samples were subjected to distinct pH concentrations of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. The objective was to ascertain the effects of varying pH levels on weed species' development and diversity, thereby shedding light on potential implications for crop productivity. The study's significance lies in its exploration of the relationship between pH concentrations and weed diversity, with implications for crop management. If weeds, which possess adaptable traits, are compromised by pH fluctuations, the security of agricultural crops faces a similar threat. The experiment entailed exposing soil samples to diverse pH concentrations, with two sets of replicates and a control group. Initially, the samples were
irrigated with a 300 ml solution, followed by subsequent applications of 200 ml every alternate day. Emergent weed counts were documented at four-day intervals over an 8-week period. The findings revealed noteworthy trends. At pH extremes of 3 and 11, reduced diversity was observed due to growth suppression, indicating the susceptibility of weed species to extreme pH conditions