ONWUATUELO ONYEBUCHI

The increasing cost of diesel fuel and the environmental impact of carbon emissions have driven the maritime industry to explore hybrid propulsion systems that integrate renewable energy sources. This research focuses on optimizing the propulsion system of a 8m small passenger ferry by incorporating solar energy alongside a diesel generator to enhance operational efficiency and sustainability. The study examines a 10 kW marine diesel generator and a 48V lead-acid battery system to assess fuel consumption, CO₂ emissions, and cost reduction when supplemented with solar power. A detailed analysis of fuel consumption reveals that the diesel generator alone consumes approximately 2.5 to 3 liters per hour, leading to substantial operational costs. By integrating a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, generator runtime can be reduced, resulting in lower diesel consumption and decreased CO₂ emissions. Calculations show that solar energy can reduce fuel costs by up to 50%, extending generator lifespan and minimizing maintenance costs. The research includes battery runtime calculations, solar energy contribution estimates, and diesel generator sizing to determine optimal hybrid system performance. A comparison of fuel consumption and emissions with and without solar integration demonstrates the system's efficiency improvements. Findings suggest that the hybrid approach offers a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable solution for small passenger ferries, reducing fuel dependency and enhancing energy efficiency. This study concludes that integrating solar power into marine propulsion systems is a viable strategy for improving economic feasibility and environmental sustainability in the maritime sector. The research provides a foundation for further development of hybrid solar-diesel propulsion technologies in passenger ferries and other small vessels