OGHOR UZOMA SILVIA

The MNS blood group system is often overshadowed by the ABO and Rh systems; it remains clinically relevant due to its potential role in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and complications related to transfusion therapy. Serological testing was carried out using standard hemagglutination techniques following established protocols. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of M and N antigens, examine their distribution across different trimesters, and assess any associations with parity, gravidity, and ethnic backgrounds. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. A total of 110 venous blood samples were collected aseptically into plain tubes during routine antenatal visits. The age range of participants was 20 to 40 years, and the gestational age at the time of sampling ranged from 2 to 8 months, covering the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Central Hospital, Benin City, Edo State. This study provided important regional data that reinforces the clinical significance of incorporating MNS blood group antigen screening into routine antenatal care. Early identification of potential alloimmunization can help prevent serious complications such as fetal anemia and HDFN, ultimately improving both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Out of the 110 samples tested, 62 (56.4%) were positive for M antigens and 73 (66.4%) were positive for N antigens. This study revealed a higher prevalence of the N antigen compared to the M antigen among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Central Hospital, Benin City. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive blood group antigen screening, including the MNS system, during pregnancy. Early detection of maternal alloantibodies against MNS antigens can help guide appropriate prenatal care, prevent hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), and improve transfusion safety and perinatal outcomes.