FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE

One hundred and seventy seven ditch cutting samples were collected from Tomswell, Vals-Field, Niger Delta, at interval of 5715-5730ft to 8680-8695ft which marks the total depth of the well. The samples were subjected to sedimentological, mechanical and heavy mineral separation analysis. Ten (10) depths of interest were selected for proper analysis using a mechanical sieve machine. Pickett crossplots were integrated in evaluating the reservoir quality and depositional environment of sand bodies of the Toms-well in the Val’s Field, Offshore Niger Delta. Evaluated parameters include; storage properties (porosity, saturation), flow property
(permeability) as well as reservoir heterogeneities. Results show that the sand are texturally and compositionally matured. The corosity is fine to medium. The presence of cementing materials act as barriers to vertical flow of fluids but porosity is however preserved and permeability is enhanced by other processes such as coating of the grains by micro-quartz which slows down cementation. The sandstones are sourced from mainly felsic igneous rocks and from low to high grade metamorphic rocks. The depositional system is fluvial while the depositional environment is coastal plain. On the whole, the reservoir quality of the Toms-well, Val’s field is good and will yield optimal output on production.

This study is aimed at determining the Caffeine content in two varieties of kolanuts,cola acuminata (red kola)and cola nitida(white kola). The Samples were obtained from New Benin market,Edo state. The extraction of Caffeine was done using solvent extraction method and infra-red spectroscopy was used to detect the functional groups present in the Caffeine isolated. The percentage yield for the cola nitida was 0.04% while that of cola acuminata was 0.06%. the I.R band observed at 1646.24cm-1 (C=C) stretch of Alkene, 1700.93cm-1 (C=O) stretch of amide and 3437.36cm-1 (N-H) stretch of amine among others for the cola nitida (white kolanuts) and 1647.25cm-1 (C=C) stretch of alkenes,1700.54(C=0) stretch of amide and 3442.11cm-1 (N-H) stretch of amine among others for the Cola Acuminata (red kolanuts). The values of these bands suggest the presence of amine groups which confirms the presence of alkaloids (Caffeine). From this research, the caffeine content for the Samples was determined and found that the red kolanuts (cola acuminata) contains more caffeine compared to the white kolanuts (cola nitida).

The objective of this project is to derive the conserved current associated with the Lagrangian density of a scalar field theory. Employing the principles of classical field theory and Noether's theorem, we investigate the consequences of the global U(1) symmetry present in the Lagrangian for a complex scalar field. By applying Noether's systematic procedure, which relates symmetries of the action to conserved currents, we calculate the Noether current corresponding to the global phase invariance of the theory. The conserved current is then explicitly determined by evaluating the functional derivatives with respect to the scalar field and its first derivative. This current plays a crucial role in the quantization of the scalar field via a canonical procedure and elucidates the underlying connection between symmetries and conservation laws as per Noether's profound theorem. The analysis is carried out for both the Klein-Gordon and the complex scalar field, providing insights into the general methodology while highlighting the interpretational aspects in each case. The overarching aim is to exemplify the utility of Noether's
theorem as a powerful tool for unveiling conserved quantities from symmetry considerations within field theories

Fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are particularly suited for aggregating multiple data to feed multi-variables decision support systems. Moreover, wine quality is a complex concept that refers to the simultaneous achievement of optimal levels in many parameters, thus single wine attributes spatial data are not adequate to define wine suitability for a specific end use. The aim of this study was to design and implement a fuzzy inference system on wine quality prediction using physiochemical parameters from wine dataset. The proposed system adopted the conventional fuzzy inference system which consists of four major components which are: knowledge acquisition, knowledge base, fuzzy inference engine and a user interface. The dataset is fuzzified into variables that were used to develop rule for the classification of wine quality. The fuzzy inference system followed three transformation stages; fuzzification, rule based and defuzzification processes. The model was implemented using C#, programming language and MYSQL as the relational data base management. The model was developed on window Microsoft system

An online book store is a web-based program which allows customers to order books online from anywhere at any time. This online bookstore created for the use of The University of Benin provides two modules which are admin module, customer module and one back-end database to store the information. In the admin module we can add books, categories, subcategories as well as receive queries from users. In the customer module, registered users can buy the various books or bunch of books that admin has added through its admin module, users can search the books that they want but for all this they have to create our account through the registration page. Users may log in using his/her login credentials, or new users can simply register an account. Customers must submit their full name, contact details, and shipping address. Also, users can search for a book by its title or author, later can add it to the shopping cart. For successful and safe delivery, users have to fill right information in shipping details page. The books are
classified into different categories depending on the department, such as Computer Science, Physics, Chemistry and Architecture etc. Customers can shop online at the online book Store website using a web browser like chrome. The online bookstore was created with PHP and web programming languages and hosted locally.

Almond oil, a natural product derived from almonds, has garnered attention for its diverse applications in culinary, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial sectors. This study aimed to characterize almond oil by analyzing its composition, thermal stability, and potential uses. Imported Asian almonds were used to extract almond oil via the Soxhlet method with n-hexane
as the solvent. Characterization techniques included Free Fatty Acid (FFA) determination, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal stability tests at normal temperature and 85°C. The results revealed low FFA levels, indicating suitability for culinary use. FTIR analysis identified functional groups, and thermal stability tests demonstrated the oil's resilience to elevated temperatures. These findings suggest almond oil's potential in culinary arts, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications.

Welfare schemes provide essential financial support to their members, offering services like lowinterest loans, retirement benefits, and end-of-year incentives. However, many of these schemes struggle with inefficiencies caused by outdated processes, leading to delays, errors, and frustration for both members and administrators. This project aims to develop a user-friendly financial management system to address these challenges. The system will allow members to easily track their contributions, loans, and benefits while providing administrators with tools to manage resources more effectively. By simplifying operations and i proving transparency, this solution seeks to enhance the experience for all users, fostering trust and ensuring the welfare
scheme runs smoothly for years to come.

Welfare schemes provide essential financial support to their members, offering services like lowinterest loans, retirement benefits, and end-of-year incentives. However, many of these schemes struggle with inefficiencies caused by outdated processes, leading to delays, errors, and frustration for both members and administrators. This project aims to develop a user-friendlyfinancial management system to address these challenges. The system will allow members to easily track their contributions, loans, and benefits while providing administrators with tools to manage resources more effectively. By simplifying operations and improving transparency, this solution seeks to enhance the experience for all users, fostering trust and ensuring the welfare scheme runs smoothly for years to come.

A 2-D resistivity survey was carried out in UBTH, Edo State, a sedimentary terrain of South- South Nigeria. The Wenner-Schlumberger alpha electrode configuration was engaged through out in this study. To obtain a good 2-D picture of the subsurface, the coverage of the measurements must be 2-D as well. The equipment used to take the resistivity values was the
Pasi Earth Resistivity meter. The data from each 2-D survey line was inverted independently with RES2DINV to give 2-D cross-sections with RMS error of 8.15%. A contoured pseudosection conveys a qualitative two- dimensional resistivity variation with
depth within the subsurface. The inversed model resistivity sections created models for the subsurface resistivity using an iterative smoothness constrained least square inversion and are interpreted to generate the subsurface geologic characteristics. Results from 2-D inversed resistivity section showed that the first line with resistivity of laterites ranges from 800-1500Ωm, while that of lateritic soils ranges from 120-750Ωm from depth 2-10m. It can be seen that the resistivity of the sub-surface soils corresponds with the resistivity of laterites, thereby confirming the existence of laterites deposits in the survey area. From the resistivity block section obtained from line 2, it can be seen that the survey area has laterite deposits and lateritic soils, the top of the soil is composed of laterites and as we go deeper, it becomes lateritic soil because of the increase in the composition of non-lateritic
materials with depth.

The Mechanic Booking Website is an online platform aimed at linking vehicle owners
with qualified mechanics, facilitating easy appointment scheduling and service
management. Conventional methods for securing mechanic services typically involve inperson visits or phone calls, resulting in inefficiencies, delays, and inconvenience. This project seeks to address that issue by offering a user-friendly digital solution that enables customers to book mechanic services through the internet, review service history, and receive emergency roadside assistance. The system is tailored for two primary users: customers and mechanics. Customers have the ability to register, search for nearby mechanics, schedule appointments, and leave feedback based on their experiences.
Conversely, mechanics can handle bookings, update their service availability, and
respond to customer inquiries.
The system allows users to seek out mechanics, arrange appointments, review service
histories, and process payments online from the convenience of their homes.
Additionally, it features a review and rating mechanism, enabling customers to evaluate the quality of services provided by various mechanics. The platform is constructed utilizing web technologies, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL for backend operations, thereby ensuring a responsive and accessible user experience.
In summary, this initiative plays a pivotal role in advancing the digital transformation of the automotive service sector by establishing a dependable and user-friendly online
platform for vehicle repairs. Plans for future enhancements may encompass the
integration of mobile applications, AI-driven service suggestions, and automated
reminders for maintenance, all aimed at further refining the user experience.