EFFECT OF SOAKING AND VARIED TIME EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT MEDIUM BY Citrus tangerina

Seed dormancy and slow germination rates are common challenges in the propagation of Citrus tangerina, limiting its agricultural productivity and commercial cultivation. This study examines the effects of soaking seeds in different mediums—distilled water, nitric acid (HNO₃), and salt solution (NaCl)—with varying exposure times (6, 12, and 24 hours) to determine their influence on germination performance and early seedling growth. The objective is to identify an effective pre-treatment method to enhance germination, improve seedling vigor, and assess salinity tolerance. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed, where treated seeds were monitored for germination percentage, mean germination time, seedling vigor index, root-shoot length, and overall seedling health. The results indicated that HNO₃ significantly improved germination rates and seedling vigor, likely due to its ability to soften the seed coat and break dormancy. Seeds soaked in distilled water exhibited moderate germination improvement, supporting its role in hydrating and activating metabolic processes. In contrast, NaCl treatment negatively impacted germination and seedling growth, with prolonged exposure (24 hours) leading to reduced vigor, suggesting that Citrus tangerina may be sensitive to saline conditions. These findings provide valuable insights into optimal seed pre-treatment methods for Citrus tangerina, benefiting citrus nurseries and large-scale plantations by improving propagation success. Additionally, the study contributes to understanding seed dormancy mechanisms, stress tolerance, and germination enhancement techniques. Future research should explore the biochemical and physiological responses of seeds to these treatments to further optimize germination protocols and assess long-term seedling development.