EDUCATIONALMANAGEMENT

This study was conducted to analyze principal leadership roles and school facilitiesmaintenance culture, six research questions were raised to guide this study. This study madeuseof the descriptive survey research design. The population of the study consisted 28 Public Secondary Schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area. A sample size of 50 secondary school teachers was selected to represent thetotal number of teachers in the 28 public secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area using simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collectionfor this study was a self-constructed close-ended questionnaire. Data obtained fromthe studywere analyzed using frequency and mean. The result of the findings revealed the necessity of establishing robust maintenance policies, andthere are inadequate resources allocated to school facilities maintenance, insuf icient awarenessof maintenance practices among school staf . Challenges with adherence to maintenanceschedules and protocols and inadequate training and support for maintenance personnel arethechallenges in school facility maintenance culture. It was also pointed out that there is a needforschools to adopt a more proactive approach to facility management rather than dependingoninsuf icient funds from government, to maintain facilities. Schools can get funds to maintainfacilities from PTA, Alumni, introducing extra moral classes, and asking for support fromphilanthropists to mention but few

This study examines the demographic characteristics of the Achalla people and their level of political participation. Political
participation is a crucial element of democracy, yet factors such as age, education, economic status, and traditional influences
affect the extent to which individuals engage in governance. This study employs a descriptive survey research design, with data
collected using the Achalla Political Participation Checklist (APPC) administered to 500 respondents. The results reveal that voting is the most common form of political participation (92.9%), while economic hardship (82.8%), vote-buying (71.7%), and traditional leadership influence (58.6%) hinder full engagement. The study highlights the need for economic empowerment programs, voter education initiatives, and stronger electoral reforms to enhance democratic participation. It concludes that addressing economic and political barriers will foster greater civic involvement and inclusive governance in Achalla. The study recommends further
research on digital political engagement and electoral reforms to improve democratic processes in rural communities. Keywords: Political Participation, Demographics, Electoral Engagement, Achalla, Governance