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Abstract
Because of the disadvantages linked with the utilization of fossil fuels, eventually a rising interest in increasing the adoption of renewable energy systems. Nonetheless, integrating renewable energy systems into the grid poses numerous challenges concerning constancy, consistency, system operation, and power quality. Lesser hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are compact power systems that encompass energy sources and storage units to efficiently manage energy production and consumption. Real-time monitoring of HRES is crucial as it provides precise data for the system operator to assess overall performance and detect any anomalies. In this study, an IoT-based design for HRES is presented, comprising a wind turbine and a photovoltaic system. The suggested design comprises four distinct layers: power, data collection, communication network, and application. Given the wide display of communication technologies available and the lack of a standardized communication framework for HRES (Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems), this study introduces communication models specifically customized for HRES. The monitoring factors are grouped into three categories: electrical, grade, and environmental data. Additionally, the research incorporates network modeling and mockup, with special responsiveness to vital features like network arrangement, link capacity, and latency, all of which are widely analyzed and discussed. Besides, the collective interest in renewable energy systems is driven by the awareness of the downsides connected with the widespread use of remnant fuels, such as pollution and climate change. Governments, industries, and individuals have recognized the urgency to transition on the way to cleaner and more viable energy sources. As renewable energy systems become more prevalent, the integration of these systems into the existing power grid becomes a complex and multifaceted challenge. The successful integration requires addressing issues related to structure operation, ensuring steadiness and consistency, and continuing high power value to meet the demands of consumers. Small hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) have emerged as a viable solution to harness energy from multiple sources and manage it efficiently. These compact systems
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