ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENIC RISK ASSOCIATED WITH INGESTION EXPOSURE TO HEAVY METAL IN SOILAROUND SAND MINE

This study assessed heavy metal contamination and associated health risks in soils around a sand mining site in Ikpeshi, Edo State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected at varying distances from the mine and analyzed for Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Co. Results showed that most metals were below U.S. EPA limits, except Cobalt (Co). Pollution indices indicated low contamination levels overall, though Cadmium (Cd) showed moderate contamination linked to mining activities. The ecological risk index (RI = 79.11) revealed low ecological threat. Health risk assessment found negligible non-carcinogenic effects, while the Total Carcinogenic Risk (TCR) from Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr was within the U.S. EPA acceptable range (10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁴) for both adults and children. However, Cd and Cr contributed most to potential cancer risk. Continuous monitoring and stricter mining regulations are recommended to prevent future health hazards.