SOVEREIGNTY AND FREE TRADE AGREEMENT:BALANCING NATIONAL CONTROL WITH NIGERIA’S MEMBERSHIP OF AFRICAN FREE TRADE AREAS(AFTA)

Sovereignty and free trade agreements continue to be key concerns in modern political economy, especially for developing countries striving for economic integration while preserving national autonomy. This study investigates the interplay between state sovereignty and Nigeria’s involvement in African free trade initiatives, focusing on regional and continental mechanisms such as the African Free Trade Area (AFTA). It examines how Nigeria navigates the balance between maintaining control over its economic policies, borders, and domestic industries, and meeting the obligations imposed by trade liberalization
and regional cooperation. Employing a qualitative and analytical methodology, the study evaluates the effects of free trade agreements on Nigeria’s policy space, economic decision- making, and regulatory authority. The results indicate that participation in African free trade areas provides opportunities for market expansion, industrial development, and enhanced regional competitiveness, but also presents risks such as reduced policy autonomy, increased competition for local industries, and challenges in protecting national interests. The study concludes that Nigeria’s engagement in African free trade agreements does not inherently compromise sovereignty; instead, it transforms it, requiring careful policy planning, strong institutional frameworks, and targeted protective measures to ensure that economic
integration supports national development goals.