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Arsenic trioxide is a highly toxic form of arsenic used in both medical treatments and as an environmental pollutant, particularly affecting organs like the spleen. The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering the blood, storing red blood cells, and supporting the immune system. Thus, exposure of the spleen to heavy metal toxicity (particulary arsenic) results in a range of adverse effects, including, oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and cellular damage. Persea americana seed are rich source of lipid, proteins, vitamins, minerals and health related bioactive properties such as such as anti-hyperglycaemic, anticancer, anti-hypercholesterolemia, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti- neurogenerative effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective potential of aqueous Persea americana seed extract on arsenic trioxide induced spleen damage in Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly placed in SIX (6). Group A served as the Control group; group B was given 10mg/kg of arsenic trioxide for 7 days and was sacrifice, in order to be sure arsenic trioxide has an effect on the organ; group C was given 140mg/kg body weight of Silymarin + 10mg/kg of arsenic trioxide; group D was given 125mg/kg body of Persea americana + 10mg/kg of arsenic trioxide; group E was given 250mg/kg body of Persea americana + 10mg/kg of arsenic trioxide; group F was given 10mg/kg of arsenic trioxide for 7 days and allowed to recover. The administration lasted for 28 days after which they were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia and the spleen was harvested for biochemical and histological assessments. Results showed that arsenic trioxide significantly decreased (p<0.05) body weight, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity while significantly increasing (p<0.05) malondialdehyde concentration. Histological assessment also showed severely increased red cell sequestration and follicular hypertrophy in rats, given arsenic trioxide only. However, rats given arsenic trioxide and graded dose of persea Americana seed extract as well as standard drugs still showed follicular atrophy and marked red cell sequestration. Also the one given arsenic for 7 days and left to recover for the rest 21 days, showed no sign of recovery. Pearse americana seed does not have a protective effect against arsenic trioxide induced damage in the spleen. In conclusion, this study provides histological evidence demonstrating that persea americana seed extract could not alleviate the effect of the damage caused by arsenic trioxide on
the spleen
the spleen
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