COMPARATIVE TERRAIN ANALYSIS USING TOTAL STATION AND GNSS DATA AT BLOCK OF FLAT UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, UGBOWO CAMPUS

This study was conducted at the university of Benin block of flat to evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, and applicability of both surveying methods in terrain mapping. The research aimed to improve the reliability of topographic data acquisition and to recommend appropriate techniques for modern surveying practices. It focused on determining how both instruments perform under similar field conditions and how their outputs can be effectively compared and integrated. Field data were acquired using both Total Station and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) instruments. Four temporary benchmarks were established using GNSS, which served as reference points for Total Station observations. The collected data were processed using Autodesk Civil 3D, ArcGIS, and Surfer software to generate contour maps, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and 3D surface models representing the terrain. These outputs provided a clear visualization of the area’s elevation pattern and slope behavior. The results revealed that the elevation within the study area ranged from 85. meters to 93.5 meters, indicating a gently sloping terrain with drainage flowing from north to south. Both datasets showed consistent terrain patterns, with the Total Station producing more detailed elevation variations and the GNSS providing faster and broader coverage. The study concludes that while the Total Station offers higher precision for detailed surveys, the GNSS method enhances efficiency and ease of data collection. Integrating both techniques is therefore recommended for achieving optimal accuracy and productivity in modern surveying and mapping projects.