CADMIUM AND ZINC LEVELS IN COW OFFALS SOLD WITHIN BENIN CITY METROPOLIS

This study investigated the levels of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in cow offal (shaki, liver and kidney) consumed within Benin City to assess potential human health risks associated with its exposure. Samples of liver, kidney, and intestine were collected from three different abattoirs (University of Benin abattoir, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) abattoir and Ekosodin abattoir) and analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) to determine the heavy metal concentrations. Results showed cadmium levels ranging below detectable limits to 1.00 mg/kg was obtained for the duration of the sampling campaign with the highest concentration obtained in Ekosodin market and University of Benin abattoir. Also noteworthy is that cadmium was detected in 25% of all the samples collected. The concentration obtained in this study was found to exceed the Codex Alimentarius limits of 0.5 mg/kg in liver and 1.0 mg/kg in kidney. Zinc concentrations, though essential, were also found in higher than recommended amounts, suggesting contamination from feed or environmental sources. A zinc concentration range of 47 to 197 mg/kg was obtained with the highest concentration obtained in kidney sample from Ekosodin market with a concentration of 197mg/kg while the lowest concentration of 47 mg/kg was obtained in intestine sample from University of Benin Teaching Hospital abattoir. The elevated metal content reported poses potential health risks, especially for vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, children, and the elderly. The findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of slaughterhouse practices, feed sources, and environmental pollution. Increased public awareness and enforcement of food safety regulations are essential to minimize exposure and protect public health